Diffusion, electric potential and field, nonuniformly doped semiconductor. The first ics were fabricated using ge bjts in 1958. Jan 09, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well. Memories come in many different types ram, rom, eeprom. Readwrite memories ram static sram dynamic dram data stored as long as supply is applied large 6 transistorscell fast differential periodic refresh required small transistorscell slower single ended. Digital electronics classification of memories exam study. Rom, prom, eprom, ram, sram, sdram, rdram, all memory structures have an address bus and a data bus. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Programming takes several usecsword limited endurance max eraseprogram cycles the cell is very simple and dense. If both types of dopants are present, the one present in higher concentration determines the type of the semiconductor.
With the rapid growth in the requirement for semiconductor memories there have been a number of technologies and types of memory that have. An introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and. Ashok sharma semiconductor memories technology testing and reliability free ebook download as pdf file. Normally based around semiconductor technology, memory is used in any equipment that uses a processor of one form or another. The semiconductor memories are organised as two dimensional arrays of memory locations. Materials, devices and simple circuits semiconductors. Nandita dasgupta, department of electrical engineering, iit madras. A continuation of the topics introduced in semiconductor memories. Capacity of the dynamic readwrite memory dram chip exceeds now 1 gigabit. The main requirements of semiconductor memories are that they occupy a small area, have a fast access time and operate with low power consumption. In this article, you will find the study notes on logic families which will cover the topics such as integrated circuits, characteristics of digital circuits, logical families, digital ic terminology, dl, rtl, dtl and ttl. Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. Jul 22, 2015 memory devices are something which retain data for a time period just like human brain. This density results from their very regular wiring.
Semiconductor materials is a relatively compact book containing vast information on semiconductor material properties. This was due to magnetization curling from the edges of the stripe, where the magnization is pinned along the stripe. Ee lecture notes university of california, berkeley. When an electric field is applied, the electrons move in the direction opposite. Verilog coding, metal oxide seminconductor field effect transistor mosfet, fabrication process and layout design rules, propagation delays in mos, power disipation in cmos circuits, semiconductor memories. Anjan ghosh, high speed semiconductor devices, nptel courseware, 2009. Vlsi technology online course video lectures by iit madras. Architectures, designs, and applications offers a muchneeded reference to the major developments and future directions of advanced semiconductor memory technology.
However, after 1990, a few semiconductor devices using organic semiconductors and semiconducting polymers have been developed signalling the birth of a futuristic technology of polymerelectronics and molecularelectronics. Readers can compare results of the property measurements that have been reported by different authors and critically compare the data using. Semiconductor memory ram misnamed as all semiconductor memory is random access readwrite volatile temporary storage static or dynamic. Basics of semiconductor devices indian institute of. Semiconductor memories can be classified based on two different characteristics. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. He is currently working as a reliability engineering manager at nasa, goddard space flight center, greenbelt, maryland. Video lecture series from iit professors vlsi device modeling by prof. Similarly, holes are the majority carriers in a semiconductor doped with acceptors and it is termed p type. Lecture 8, memory cs250, uc berkeley, fall 2010 cmos bistable. To study about architecture and operations of different semiconductor memories.
Chapter 3 semiconductor memories jinfu li department of electrical engineering national central university jungli, taiwan. Integrated circuits integrated circuits ics are chips, pieces of semiconductor material, that contain all of the transistors, resistors, and capacitors necessary to. Basically there are two types of ics bipolar and unipolar. Mod01 lec29 topics in memory system, dram and sram. Alan doolittle intel develops worlds smallest, fastest cmos transistor santa clara, calif. Memory memory structures are crucial in digital design. Semiconductor memory design elective iv ec574 l t p to c 3 1 4 4 course objectives. A memory is a semiconductor of magnetic device used for storage of digital data. Sram and dram peripherals objectives in this lecture you will learn the following introduction sram and its peripherals dram and its peripherals 30. This document is highly rated by students and has been viewed 270 times. Harddisk, cd, dvd, floppydisk, magnetic tape are also non volatile type memory devices, though they does not come under semiconductor memory. Multiple choice questions and answers by sasmita january 9, 2020 multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory in addition to reading the questions and answers on my site, i would suggest you to check the following, on amazon, as well. This post classifies the semiconductor memories and maps different memory devices to computer memories.
Digital circuits semiconductor memories exam study. Aug 31, 2019 integrated circuits ics are chips, pieces of semiconductor material, that contain all of the transistors, resistors, and capacitors necessary to create a digital circuit or system. Small memories 17 compiled sram arrays usually have a high overhead due to peripheral circuits, bist, redundancy. Semiconductor memory classification rwm nvrwm rom eprom e2prom flash random access nonrandom access sram dram maskprogrammed programmable prom fifo shift register cam.
Semiconductor memory design elective iv unit iii 8 hours. Lecture 30 sram and dram peripherals semiconductor. The semiconductor ram is broadly two types static ram and dynamic ram. Read only memories are used to store constants, control information and program.
Semiconductor and simple circuitsnot to be republished. Alan doolittle lecture 1 introduction to semiconductor devices reading. Semiconductor devices introduction it is widely seen that the distance of a nucleus from the electron of a particular atom is not equal. Chapter 8 semiconductor memories based on kang, leblebici. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. Thermal equilibrium, carrier concentrations lecture 4. Rom, prom, eprom, ram, sram, sdram, rdram, all memory structures have an address bus and a data bus possibly other control signals to control output etc. Fundamentals of semiconductor devices about the course. We have divided the whole memory system of a computer into 4 different categories.
Semiconductor memories study notes for electronics and. Theory of transistors and other semiconductor devices 1. Ee lecture handouts pdf format download adobe acrobat to read pdf files. Semiconductor memories are available in integrated circuits ics. He is currently working as a reliability engineering manager at. Semiconductor memories provides indepth coverage in the areas of design for testing, fault tolerance, failure modes and mechanisms, and screening and qualification methods including. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Apr 04, 2020 lecture 31 semiconductor roms semiconductor memories notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Semiconductor memory technology is an essential element of todays electronics. Basics of semiconductor memories linkedin slideshare.
Applications that do not require regular reprogramming 18. Description and comparison of semiconductor memories and utilization process within booting. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Many of these, typically one or two per atom in the metal, are free to move about throughout the metal. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses. Memory john wawrzynek, krste asanovic, with john lazzaro and yunsup lee ta uc berkeley fall 2010. Multiple choice questions and answers on semiconductor theory. For example 4k 8 or 4k byte memory contains 4096 locations, where each locations contains 8bit data and only one of the 4096 locations can be selected at a time. Conduction in metals metals are filled with electrons. Semiconductor memory design elective iv unit iii 8. May 18, 2015 apr 04, 2020 lecture 31 semiconductor roms semiconductor memories notes edurev is made by best teachers of. Readwrite memories ram static sram dynamicdram data stored as long as supply is applied large 6 transistorscell fast differential.
Semiconductor memories systems implant mask programmable nand rom 1 ehac cumolnc i nand gate corresponds to one bit of the stored word a word is selected by putting to 0 the corresponding wordline ri all the wordlines ri are 1 except the selected wordline which is 0 normally on transistors. Dynamic ram bits stored as charge in capacitors charges leak need refreshing even when powered. Dec 19, 2008 description and comparison of semiconductor memories and utilization process within booting. Jinfu li, ee, ncu 2 outline introduction random access memories content addressable memories read only memories. Chapter 8 semiconductor memories monash university. Transmission lines and em waves delivered by iit bombay. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Jack kirby of texas instruments, nobel prize in 2000.
However, generally, a semiconductor is defined on the basis of electrical conductivity as under. Gate preparation, nptel video lecture dvd, electronicsandcommunicationengineering, digitalcircuits, semiconductormemories, boolean algebra, boolean functions. Memory cell structures and fabrication technologies. A semiconductor is a substance which has resistivity 10. Readwrite memories ram static sram dynamic dram data stored as long as supply is applied large 6 transistorscell fast differential. Small memories are usually built from latches andor. Semiconductor devices 1 it is widely seen that the distance of a nucleus from the electron of a particular atom is not equal. The semiconductor is in internal turmoil, with bonds being broken and reformed continuously. Semiconductor memory classification rwm nvrwm rom eprom e2prom flash random access nonrandom access sram. A memory location is a group of storage devices that will hold one data word. Classification of semiconductor memories and computer memories. Worse, there was a limit to the reduction of cell size because the cell would not work with sense lines narrower than about 1 micron. Mainak chaudhuri,department of computer science and engineering,iit kanpur. This course seeks to cover the basics of semiconductor devices including the physics of energy bands, doping and carrier statistics and transport leading up to the understanding of common semiconductor devices including pn junctions and their applications, bjts and mosfets.
Classification of semiconductor memories and computer. To acquire knowledge about different types of semiconductor memories. One reason for their utility is that memory arrays can be extremely dense. Readers can compare results of the property measurements that have been reported by different authors and critically compare the data using the reference information contained in the book. Technology, testing, and reliability, the authors earlier work, advanced semiconductor memories. Lecture 31 semiconductor roms semiconductor memories. Ajit pal, computer science and engineering, iit kharagpur.